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New laws can create causes of action, which are the legal grounds or basis upon which a lawsuit can be brought. A cause of action is an essential element in legal proceedings, as it specifies the legal right that is being claimed and the manner in which it has been violated.

Before a new law is enacted, certain types of claims may not have existed; thus, individuals or entities may not have had the legal ability to seek redress for grievances that a new law addresses. For instance, consumer protection laws that are enacted can provide new causes of action for individuals who have been wronged due to fraudulent business practices, allowing them to pursue claims that would have been unavailable prior to the law's passage.

The other options, while relevant to the legal system, do not accurately represent what new laws specifically create. Legal counsels and court judges exist independently of specific laws and are part of the broader legal framework. Legal exceptions may arise from the interpretation of laws or precedential cases but do not constitute new causes of action instigated by new laws themselves.